DIFERENÇAS DE GÊNERO NA ANSIEDADE MATEMÁTICA E A RELAÇÃO COM O DESEMPENHO MATEMÁTICO, CONTROLANDO A ANSIEDADE NAS PROVAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33025/tc.v3i3.4819Palavras-chave:
ANSIEDADE MATEMÁTICA, NSIEDADE NAS PROVAS, ESEMPENHO MATEMÁTICOResumo
Contexto: A ansiedade matemática (AM), um estado de desconforto associado à realização de tarefas matemáticas, é considerada como algo que afeta uma proporção significativa da população em idade escolar. Algumas pesquisas indicam que a AM afeta negativamente o desempenho em matemática e que as meninas podem apresentar níveis mais elevados de AM do que os meninos. Por outro lado, algumas pesquisas indicam que o desempenho dos meninos em matemática é mais afetado negativamente pela AM do que o desempenho das meninas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi medir o desempenho em matemática de meninas e de meninos, bem como os seus níveis de AM, considerando a ansiedade em provas (AP), um constructo relacionado à AM, mas que normalmente não é considerado em estudos sobre esta.
Métodos: Quatrocentos e trinta e três alunos britânicos do ensino básico e secundário, do 7º, 8º e 10º anos, realizaram provas personalizadas de cálculo mental e questionários de AM e AP.
Resultados: Não surgiram diferenças de gênero no desempenho em matemática, mas os níveis de AM e AP foram mais elevados para as meninas do que para os meninos. Meninas e meninos apresentaram uma correlação positiva entre AM e AP e uma correlação negativa entre AM e desempenho em matemática. A AP também apresentou uma correlação negativa com o desempenho em matemática, mas esta relação foi mais forte para as meninas do que para os meninos. Ao controlar a AP, a correlação negativa entre AM e desempenho permaneceu apenas para as meninas. A análise de regressão revelou que a AM foi um preditor significativo do desempenho, para as meninas, mas não para os meninos.
Conclusões: O nosso estudo revelou que as crianças do ensino básico (9° ano EF ao 3° ano EM) experimentam AM. É importante ressaltar que usamos para controle a AP, que normalmente não é considerada em estudos de AM. As meninas apresentaram níveis mais elevados de AM do que os meninos, e níveis elevados de AM estavam relacionados a níveis mais baixos de desempenho em matemática. Além de ter um efeito potencialmente prejudicial no desempenho imediato em matemática, pesquisas anteriores mostraram que níveis elevados de AM podem ter consequências negativas para o ensino posterior da matemática. Portanto, a AM merece atenção na sala de aula de matemática, especialmente porque há evidências de que ela se desenvolve durante os anos do ensino fundamental. Além disso, nosso estudo não mostrou diferença de gênero no desempenho em matemática, apesar das meninas relatarem níveis mais elevados de AM. Esses resultados podem sugerir que as meninas podem ter tido o potencial de ter um desempenho em matemática melhor do que os meninos. No entanto, seu desempenho pode ter sido atenuado por seus níveis mais elevados de AM. É necessária uma pesquisa longitudinal para investigar o desenvolvimento da AM e seu efeito no desempenho em matemática.
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